How to File a Small Claims Case in California: Process, Limits, and What to Expect
Small Claims Court is built to give everyday people and businesses in California access to justice—without needing an attorney. Whether you’re trying to get a security deposit back, collect an unpaid invoice, or recover for damages, this guide covers everything you need to know.
Who Can File in Small Claims Court?
Anyone 18 or older can file a claim in California Small Claims Court. You can sue as an individual, sole proprietor, tenant, landlord, or business entity. Minors can also sue through a guardian or parent.
Monetary Limits in California Small Claims Court
- Individuals: Up to $12,500
- Businesses and Entities: Up to $6,250
- Only two claims over $2,500 per year, but no limit for claims under $2,500
- COVID-19 rental debt cases are exempt from these caps
What You Can Sue For
Common types of small claims include:
- Unpaid loans, rent, or invoices
- Breach of contract
- Damaged or lost property
- Auto-related expenses
- Security deposit disputes
- COVID-19 related rental debt
- Non-payment for goods or services rendered
Preparing Your Case
Before filing, make sure to gather:
- Your legal name and the correct name of the person or business you’re suing
- Copies of contracts, emails, text messages, receipts, photos, or other proof
- A written or verbal timeline of what happened
- Any demand letters or communication attempts
📄 For a full checklist of what you need to start, visit:
👉 What You Need Before Starting a Claim
How to Complete the SC-100 Small Claims Form (with Online Interview Tool)
The SC-100 (Plaintiff’s Claim and Order to Go to Small Claims Court) is the main form used to file a small claims case in California. Instead of filling it out manually and guessing what goes where, you can use our easy, Self-Guided Interview Tool.
✅ Here’s how it works:
- Our online system asks you simple, step-by-step questions about your case
- Based on your answers, it automatically prepares your SC-100 form
- You sign the form electronically—no printing required
- We file it with the court for you
- We also serve the defendant on your behalf
It’s the fastest and most accurate way to start your small claims case without missing critical details.
👉 Start your claim now: Guided Preparation Filing and Service for Small Claims
Required Forms
Aside from the SC-100, you may need:
- SC-104: Proof of Service
- SC-120: Defendant’s Claim
- SC-500: COVID-19 Rental Debt
- SC-150: Request to Postpone Trial
- SC-133: Judgment Debtor’s Statement of Assets
We’ll help you prepare the correct forms based on your answers during the interview.
How to File Your Claim
You can file your claim in three ways:
- Online: Use our guided platform to eFile your case
- By Mail: Send completed forms to your county courthouse
- In Person: Go to the small claims window at your local courthouse
💸 Filing fees:
- $30 (claims under $1,500)
- $50 (claims $1,500–$5,000)
- $75 (claims $5,000–$12,500)
How to Serve the Defendant
Legal notice is required. You can’t serve papers yourself. We handle this step for you if you file through our system.
Service methods include:
- Personal Service (most common)
- Substituted Service
- Certified Mail (court approval required)
Deadlines depend on location:
- In-county: Serve at least 15 days before court
- Out-of-county: Serve at least 20 days before
- Add 10 extra days for substituted service
What Happens After Service?
Once the defendant is served:
- They can respond or file a counterclaim
- If they don’t show up, you can win by default
- A court date will be set and shared with both parties
Mediation vs. Trial
Many counties offer free or low-cost mediation. This is a voluntary, confidential process to help settle your case without going to trial.
If mediation doesn’t work, your case will go to a short trial in front of a judge.
Going to Your Hearing
Be prepared:
- Bring 2–3 copies of all documents and photos
- Organize your story clearly and practice your explanation
- Respect court procedures and be on time
- The judge may rule the same day or mail the decision
Collecting a Judgment
If you win and the defendant doesn’t pay voluntarily, you can collect by:
- Wage Garnishment
- Bank Levy
- Property Liens
- Debtor’s Examination
California judgments last 10 years and can be renewed.
Special Note on COVID-19 Rental Debt Cases
If you’re a landlord suing a tenant for rent owed between March 1, 2020, and September 30, 2021, you’re exempt from small claims monetary limits.
Use Form SC-500, and keep in mind tenants may have special legal protections.
10 Most Common Questions About California Small Claims Court
1. Can I use a lawyer to represent me in small claims?
No. Lawyers are not allowed to represent parties during small claims hearings in California.
2. What if I don’t know the exact amount owed?
Use a reasonable estimate based on available documentation.
3. What happens if I win but they don’t pay?
You can use court-enforced tools like wage garnishment or a bank levy.
4. Can I file more than one claim?
Yes, but you can only file two claims over $2,500 each year.
5. How long does it take to get a court date?
Most hearings are scheduled within 30–70 days after filing.
6. How do I know if I’m suing the right party?
Research using the CA Secretary of State’s Business Search or ask us—we help verify business entities during the interview process.
7. Can I recover court costs?
Yes. If you win, the judge may include court fees and service costs in your judgment.
8. Can I change my court date?
Yes. File Form SC-150 and explain your reason.
9. Can I use your online form even if I’m not tech-savvy?
Absolutely. Our system guides you step-by-step and provides support if you get stuck.
10. Where can I start the process online?
Right here: Start Your Small Claims Filing
Conclusion: Small Claims is a Powerful Tool
California Small Claims Court is a fast, affordable legal solution for individuals and businesses. Whether you’re owed money for work, rent, or property damage, our self-guided platform makes it easy to file and serve your case statewide—with no attorney required.
🟢 Start your case the easy way today:
👉The following page includes a complete list of what you need in order to be ready for the
guided interview, court filing, and process service for one flat rate.
Visit our Small Claims Checklist here:
📋 What You Need Before Starting a Claim
